The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.